TechFlow reports that VanEck's Head of Digital Asset Research, Matthew Sigel, stated on X that the Solana outage was caused by a failure in the BPF (Berkley Packet Filter) loader—the mechanism used to deploy, upgrade, and execute programs on Solana. This may be related to a previous SMID (Solana Improvement Proposal) that introduced an interceptor blocking the use of metadata in BPF, as such metadata is no longer needed. This is part of version 0093 upgrade, which contains some bugs. The bug was identified and fixed on the testnet, but testing had not yet been completed. It's speculated that someone manually triggered this bug, leading to the Solana outage.
The fix was created on the developer network. Developers rewrote the BPF code lines to prevent the error. This means the core software run by everyone must be patched. Once patched, users can resume running the software again.
